Search results for " Gender difference"
showing 10 items of 24 documents
Affective temperaments in general population: A review and combined analysis from national studies
2010
Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of affective temperaments in general non-clinical population in different countries Method We performed a detailed search of published studies (one unpublished) investigating affective temperaments in non-clinical populations by administering the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Paris and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A) in its 110-items version. We have included a total of six studies published from different countries (Argentina, Germany, Hungary, Korea, Lebanon, and Portugal) and one unpublished with preliminary data from Spain. We analyzed the combined data from the collected studies. Results We fou…
Are Women More Empathetic than Men? A Longitudinal Study in Adolescence
2009
Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest in analysing sex differences in psychological variables. Empirical studies and meta-analyses have contributed evidence on the differences between male and female individuals. More recently, the gender similarities hypothesis has supported the similarity of men and women in most psychological variables. This study contributes information on women's greater empathic disposition in comparison with men by means of a longitudinal design in an adolescent population. 505 male and female adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years were evaluated at two different moments (grade 2 and grade 3, lower secondary education). They completed the Index of Empat…
Task force on 'Early markers of atherosclerosis: influence of age and sex'
2013
Atherosclerosis and its complications are the most important causes of death all over the world, especially in Western countries. Diet habits, modern stress life, smoking, sedentary way of life and an involvement of genetic pattern of individuals lead to a sure degeneration of quality of life increasing the risk of atherosclerosis development. For this reason, the main purpose of actual medicine is to identify all the markers that could allow the physicians to evaluate the first moments of the development of this dangerous pathological process. The aim is to reduce the speed of its evolution, trying to delay indefinitely the risk coming from the morphological alterations of the vessels. 'En…
Sex differences in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: the benefits of estrogens
2019
Anthracyclines are the cornerstone for many oncologic treatments, but their cardiotoxicity has been recognized for several decades. Female subjects, especially before puberty and adolescence, or after menopause, seem to be more at increased risk, with the prognostic impact of this sex issue being less consistent compared to other cardiovascular risk factors. Several studies imply that sex differences could depend on the lack of the protective effect of sex hormones against the anthracycline-initiated damage in cardiac cells, or on differential mitochondria-related oxidative gene expression. This is also reflected by the results obtained with different diagnostic methods, such as cardiovascu…
Relació entre esports d’equip i empatia en l’adolescència
2018
L’empatia és la capacitat de posar-se en el lloc d’un altre individu i interpretar la realitat des del seu punt de vista. Aquest estudi es va centrar a analitzar les diferències existents entre practicants d’esports d’equip i esports individuals i entre homes i dones en empatia. La mostra va estar composta per 97 adolescents federats més d’un any, dels quals 43 eren dones i 54 eren homes. 25 practicaven esport individual i 72 algun esport d’equip. Els resultats obtinguts en l’escala d’empatia de Baron-Cohen –EQ–, han mostrat que els practicants d’esports d’equip són més empàtics que els d’esports individuals, i que les dones ho són més que els homes. No obstant això, seria convenient realit…
Best practices for teaching boys
2015
Boys are the ones in trouble, they say. They are trailing girls in reading and writing, are more likely to get in trouble or be labelled as learning disabled, and are less likely to go to college. Educators, citing emerging brain research, say that the two sexes learn differently and that schools are more geared to girls than to their ants-in-the-pants counterparts. But they are adopting strategies to help boys succeed, from playing multiplication baseball to handing out stress balls and setting up boys-only schools. Nowadays, there is an urgent call for a more significant presence of male teachers in primary schools. Here are the results of an extensive research concerning gender differenc…
Sexism Interacts with Patient–Physician Gender Concordance in Influencing Patient Control Preferences: Findings from a Vignette Experimental Design
2020
Background: Patient preferences regarding their involvement in shared treatments decisions is fundamental in clinical practice. Previous evidences demonstrated a large heterogeneity in these preferences. However, only few studies have analysed the influence of patients’ individual differences, contextual and situational qualities, and their complex interaction in explaining this variability. Methods: We assessed the role of the interaction of patient’s sociodemographic and psychological factors with a physician’s gender. Specifically, we focused on patient gender and attitudes toward male or female physicians. One hundred fifty-three people participated in this randomised controlled study a…
Didattica e differenze di genere in alunni di 8-12 anni
2013
I risultati presentati fanno parte di una più ampia ricerca -tuttora in corso-, che mira ad individuare i metodi, le tecniche e gli strumenti didattici che facilitano il successo scolastico degli uomini e delle donne facendo leva sul loro diverso modo di affrontare lo studio. Le diversità fra maschi e femmine, che appartengono al naturale ordine psico-biologico e si manifestano in modo diverso nel tempo e nei luoghi, incidono in modo diretto non solo sullo sviluppo affettivo e relazionale degli alunni ma anche sul loro modo di apprendere; in questo articolo sono presi in considerazione solo gli aspetti che richiedono una particolare attenzione didattica, per quanto riguarda la fascia d’età …
The Influence of an Enriched Sport Program on Children’s Sport Motivation in the School Context: The ESA PROGRAM
2020
Purpose: Besides the evident positive effect on body development, physical activity has proven to boost executive functions, especially if the exercises are enriched with cognitive stimuli. Previous studies have shown that introducing challenging exercises in the physical activity routine can also enhance motivation. Therefore, enriching a physical education program with cognitively challenging exercises may also foster children’s motivation during physical education classes, where the motivation is high at the beginning of the school year and low at the end of it. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to test if a sport program enriched by cognitive stimuli may improve kids’ motivation o…
Différences de genre et formes de dépendances des conjoints biactifs dans l'accompagnement des enfants
2011
International audience; L'approche des différences de genre dans la mobilité a été renouvelée à partir des années 2000 par l'attention portée aux formes d'interdépendance entre conjoints pour leurs déplacements quotidiens. Dans ce travail mobilisant l'enquête ménages-déplacements d'Île-de-France, nous en avons relevé deux types à partir de l'analyse de l'accompagnement des enfants des conjoints de couples de biactifs. D'une part, il y a un effet d'entraînement. Lorsqu'un conjoint fait de l'accompagnement, l'autre a une probabilité plus forte d'en faire également. D'autre part, les conjoints se distribuent entre eux l'accompagnement avant travail et après travail. Toutefois, l'interdépendanc…